SAT能否检验中国考生批判性思维 

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来源：文汇报

     《2012中国SAT年度报告》日前发布，报告显示，参加美国高校入学考试SAT的中国高中生中，只有不到7%的人成绩达到1800分“及格线”，而达到美国优质大学普遍要求的2000分以上成绩的更是只占2%。有专家通过对中美教育的差异分析指出，这是由于中国的教育缺乏对批判性思维训练造成的结果。
       中国考试主要考知识的记忆，需要大量的背景知识。比如，中国的填空可能会考“问君能有几多愁”下一句是什么？如果没有背过该诗，根据其逻辑关系是根本不能推断出下一句是“恰似一江春水向东流”的，因为这两句之间根本没有逻辑关系。与中国考试不同，美国考试主要考逻辑推理，也叫批判性思维推理。它所有的答案都可以从原文中找出，不需要额外的背景知识，而且也只能从原文中找出。这也体现了SAT考试的公平性。这种思维方式的变换，只要稍加培训，就可以快速掌握。虽然中国的高中没有类似的培训课程，但是大部分参加过SAT考试的中国高中生都在相应的培训机构里受过该方面的训练。因此，把考分低仅仅归结于缺乏批判性思维，虽然有其合理的因素，但并不合适。
       造成SAT分数低的原因有很多种。考过SAT的同学都知道，想考好阅读，一般需要三个前提条件：扎实的基本功、批判性的思维方式、对考题的熟练程度。中国大部分学生的基本功和美国学生相差巨大。比如，美国高中生到了12年级（相当于中国高三），词汇量一般会有35000至45000个，而中国同级别的学生词汇量才仅仅4500个左右，相差8-10倍。而SAT阅读部分需要大概15000个词汇，单词的认识与否在某种程度上决定了中国学生的分数。再其次，美国学生到了12年级，大概都已经有几千个小时的课外阅读量，而中国高中生真正意义上的英语阅读量一般不会超过五百个小时。所以，中国高中生无论是在词汇量还是在阅读量上，和美国学生相比，都存在着先天不足。这才是真正中国学生分数较低的最根本原因。
其实美国学生的考分并不比非美国考生高。根据管理考试的委员会2011年公布的报告，美国区SAT分析阅读平均成绩为497，而亚洲区SAT阅读平均成绩517（中国考生占大多数）。美国学生长期以来一直受到批判性思维的训练，又有良好的词汇和阅读功底，反而最终平均成绩还不如亚洲考生，或者说不如中国考生。从这一点上看，仅仅以是否拥有批判性思维训练来判断成绩的高低与否，是不科学的，或者说至少是不严谨的。（郭松坡）

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