Amerian Vowels IPA
Vowels IPAMouth Position
CloseNear CloseClose MidMidOpen MidNear OpenOpen
Tongue PositionFront1
beat
[ɪ]1
bit
**2
[ɛ]2
bet
[æ]
bat
**
Central
[ə]3
above
Back*
food
[ʊ]
put, good
*4
poke
[ʌ]3, [ɔ]*
cut, talk
[ɑ]5
not, father
Diphthongs
fight
[ɔɪ]
coin
now
bake
With r[ər]6
butter
[ɑr]
start
[ɛr]
fair
[ɪr]
near
[ɔr]
north
[ʊr]
tour, cure
Notes:
* starred are Rounded Vowels(rounding the lips).
** not used in American English by itself.
[*]In British English and [ɪ] were written as and respectively.Now in the 14th Edition it is written as and [ɪ] repectively. The sound will confuse moststudents changing from British IPA to American IPA.
[*][ɛ] for British English will look like . It is incorrect but accepted.
[*][ə] and [ʌ] are technically the same sound. Most will say the difference isthat [ʌ] is for stressed syllables and [ə] is for unstressed syllables.
[*] for British English will look like the diphthong [əʊ].
[*]British English will make a distinction between [ɑ] and [ɒ]. They use [ɑ]for father and [ɒ] for not.
[*][ər] and [ɜr] are extremely similar. Typically [ər]is used exclusively in most dictionaries.
American Consonants IPA
VoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoiced
2
pen
web
off, photo
of, have
2
church
joy, edge
2
two, bet
do, odd
see, city
zoo, rose
[θ]
thing, teeth
[ð]
this, father
2
cat, queen
[ɡ]
go, get
[ʃ]
she, sure
[ʒ]
pleasure, beige
Other ConsonantsTip: If you put your hand in front of your mouth, you should feel more air when saying voiceless sounds than when saying voiced sounds. Also, voiced sounds will vibrate in the throat and voiceless will not.
NasalSemi-vowels
mike, lamb
1
left, bell
we, queen
no, tin
run, very
ham
[ŋ]
sing, drink
yes
Notes:
[*] willsometimes look like [əl] at the end of a word.
[*], , , will sometimes be written as , , , to show that the consonant ends with the sound.
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